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The electromagnetic flowmeter operates based on Faraday's Law of Induction, which states that an electromotive force(EMF) is induced in a conductor when it moves through a magnetic field. This measurement principle can be applied to conductive fluids. When such a fluid flows through a pipe perpendicular to the direction of a magnetic field, an induced EMF is generated in the fluid. This induced EMF can be measured using two symmetrically placed electrodes.
The signal voltage Ue is directly proportional to the magnetic flux density B, the distance between the electrodes D, and the average velocity of the fluid V. Since the magnetic flux density B and the distance between the electrodes D are constants, the signal voltage Ue is directly proportional to the average flow velocity V.
The equation used to calculate the volumetric flow rate indicates that the signal voltage Ue is linearly proportional to the volumetric flow rate.
The induced signal voltage is converted into scaled, analog, as well as digital output signals in the converter.